By Karthik Shankar for Cake:
At the height of the sweltering heat that is a common fixture during May, a friend and I biked furiously from Chennai to Auroville in a quest to meet Kalki Subramaniam. We go around Auroville and hesitantly asking people where Sahodari Foundation is. Unfortunately for us, no one seems to know. Then we enquire where Kalki lives. This time a group of people gather around us, each bellowing at a different decibel, and point us towards a house near a turning.
Kalki is one of the most recognisable faces of the transgender movement in India, and has been instrumental in revamping laws related to trans Indians. Armed with two masters’ degrees in journalism and international relations, she established Sahodari Foundation, which aims to uplift the transgender community. She also played the protagonist in a movie and ran for assembly in her home town of Pollachi. Her book of poems, ‘Kuri Aruthean’ (“I cut my phallus”), was published in January last year.
Kalki’s love affair with Auroville began a few years after her sex reassignment surgery. At the world famous Koovagam festival, which mixes religious pomp and carnival celebrations, she met a group of musicians. The multinational group of young men were interested in Kalki and offered her a job at a company called Sarang in Auroville. Tempted by the offer, she packed her bags. Auroville, a tiny experimental township of only 2500, was founded by Mira Alfassa in 1968 near Pondicherry, to promote a renaissance of ‘Indian’ values. Largely populated by foreign nationals, it possesses the close-knit community ties of a small town and the cosmopolitan charm of a big city.
Kalki’s home in a village situated at the outskirts of Auroville is a hub of activism for transgender rights. She is quick to emphasise that her foundation is a community centre and not an NGO; for her the perceived difference lies in bureaucracy and approachability. On most days, her house is filled with the bustling sounds of children. They adore Kalki, who spends her free time teaching them art and English. For women, she conducts programmes that advocate leadership and entrepreneurial activities.
The day we meet her, Kalki is in the company of two British women. One of them is a student from London, who runs an NGO called sexpression.uk and has spent two days with Kalki just to hear her views on sex and gender. We wait an hour to speak with her. Kalki is warm and honest to a fault. She doesn’t shy away from the harder topics like her teenage years of alienation from family, her suicide attempts or sexual desires.
I shoot straight from the horse’s mouth. “How did your journey towards becoming a woman start?” She laughs nervously but delves right into her painful childhood experiences.
Like most transgender people, Kalki’s journey began in her early teens. Born into a typical middle class Brahmin family in the small town of Pollachi, she displayed ‘feminine’ tendencies as a young boy. She loved putting on makeup and frequently stole her older sister’s lipstick and earrings. Kalki never thought about it as a problem but when she was ten she started realising something was amiss. [envoke_twitter_link]Gender dysphoria forced her to grapple with the fact that her biological sex was constraining her.[/envoke_twitter_link]
Never feeling comfortable in her own skin, Kalki would often steal into her sister’s wardrobe. She describes those times when she wore her sister’s inner-wear and clothes as “liberating and scintillating.” Her phrasing is poetic. “Only in the moments of loneliness was I myself.”
Her school years were “horrible and nightmarish”; marked by increasing alienation from everyone around her as well as several suicide attempts. During eighth grade, Kalki, who was in an all-boys school, had to change into a vest and shorts for the Physical Education class. While societal expectations forced her into playing the part of a boy in school, she was mortified at the prospect of changing in front of the other boys. The second hour on Fridays became a nightmare for her. After waiting for all the boys to leave the class, she would hide under the bench. Unfortunately she was caught after sixteen successful attempts and reported to her parents by the headmaster. That day Kalki broke down. “I didn’t know how to express what I was feeling. I didn’t know the term transgender. I just felt abnormal,” she says.
Her conservative extended family had already taken note of how she always sat with her mother, aunts and sisters, and teased her about it. All these moments were a constant humiliation for the gender confused teenager.
In a quest [envoke_twitter_link]to find a community, Kalki turned to the internet and found that there were many people like her[/envoke_twitter_link] which fortified her resolve to transition. At the age of twelve, she started speaking about these experiences to her parents but was dismissed by them. However at fifteen, she gave an ultimatum to her mother. “I told her I’m going to change or I’m going to die.” Shattered by this admission, her parents took her to a doctor who administered her female hormones. She started going to therapy but in a small town there was little understanding even from psychiatrists.
Faced with an absence of supportive doctors who could give her counselling or hormone therapy, Kalki took things into her own hands. She contacted Thai doctors online who prescribed a cocktail of medicines. She acquired them from transgender persons who had successfully transitioned. From the age of sixteen Kalki endangered her health by self-administering hormone therapy which increased her depressive tendencies. In one attempt she swallowed pills in to take her life.
After her twelfth board exams, her parents sent her to a mental health centre in Vellore. Understandably, they were unable to find a cure.
After she was let out, Kalki miraculously came to an agreement with her parents. “My parents were frightened because all the people they saw on the streets who had changed their gender identity were begging and being a public nuisance. I promised them that I would always bring dignity to the family rather than shame.” From that day, her parents let Kalki be herself.
Family support wasn’t enough however. Kalki faced constant harassment in college. After she finished her master’s degree in journalism and mass communication, she joined an MNC called 365 Media. The plum job gave her financial independence for the first time. Kalki decided it was the right time to transition. “I sent an email to the CEO that I was going to undergo surgery to change my gender. I even made it clear that I would use the ladies’ toilet when I was back,” she laughs. The CEO agreed and Kalki was granted a 45 day leave of absence for her sex reassignment surgery.
When she came back, she was promoted to the head of team research. However the five men in her team were not ready to take orders from a transgender woman. Moreover, all the men in the office had a problem with her using the ladies’ toilet, even though the women themselves didn’t share these qualms. She laughs girlishly while describing the entire experience. “In retrospect, it was very funny but it ticked me off at the time. I couldn’t work in the company for a long time because people were constantly watching my every move.”
There are several unique cultural traditions that accompany the transgender community in India. One of the most distinct is their form of clapping. Clapping is both an announcement of their presence and a security alarm. If someone teases them or attacks them violently, the clapping brings fellow members of their community from all around to help them and scare off attackers or molesters. It’s literally an act of survival. For Kalki, the clapping is an integral part of the transgender community’s cultural quirks. She learned how to clap at the age of thirteen.
The community also has a unique system of guru-chelas that matches up a young transgender person to a mentor. While the term literally translates to teacher-student, the relationship is more akin to a mother-daughter relationship. The community is made up only of matriarchal relationships. While most transgender familial ties consist of mothers and daughters, several others such as aunts and nieces, grandmothers and granddaughters exist. Kalki also mentions that gurus’ husbands or boyfriends are referred to as papa. “Papas can change but mothers don’t!”
Each guru can have multiple chelas. In turn each chela can have chelas under them as well. Gurus can be the same age as their chelas, although they are usually senior with regards to their experiences. Kalki says that a chela chooses a guru based on qualities they want to emulate. At the age of twelve, Kalki was initiated to these customs when she got her first guru, a Muslim woman called Apsara. Years later, she requested trans actor and activist Lakshmi Tripathi to be her guru as well. Lakshmi has forty-five chelas and Kalki is her first from South India.
[envoke_twitter_link]The trans community in India exists on the fringes of society.[/envoke_twitter_link] The most recent government calculations put their numbers at an absurdly low 490,000 but that’s because very few choose to identify as such. A majority don’t enjoy supportive home environments and are kicked out of their homes. A lack of education and job prospects force most to beg on the streets. Many turn to sex work as a means of making money too. Harassment from police is relentless and many are charged under Section 377, an antiquated colonial-era law that criminalises unnatural sex. There have been some notable steps in recent years to improve conditions. In April 2014, the Supreme Court, in a landmark ruling, declared that trans people should be recognised as a third gender. The state of Tamil Nadu was the first to institute a Transgender Welfare Board. In November last year the state got the country’s first transgender woman police officer.
These and other changes have been a rousing victory for a community that is often rendered invisible in the political arena. But for Kalki and others to have a safe and fulfilling place in society, it will take more than just progressive legislation.
Interested in reading more about Kalki Subramaniam? Watch this space for Part 2 of this story!
This article was originally published here on Cake.
Featured Image Source: Kalki Subramaniam/Facebook.